Author(s):
Tushar R. Chandan, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Kajal V. Pansare, Jubershaha S. Fakir, Sunil K. Mahajan
Email(s):
tusharchandan510@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00064 
Address:
Tushar R. Chandan1*, Chandrashekhar D. Patil1, Kajal V. Pansare1, Jubershaha S. Fakir1, Sunil K. Mahajan2
1Department of Pharmacology, SSS’s Divine College Pharmacy, Nampur Road, Satana, Nashik, Maharashtra, India - 423301.
2Department of Chemistry, SSS’s Divine College Pharmacy, Nampur Road, Satana, Nashik, Maharashtra, India - 423301.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Inflammation is a critical biological response to injury and infection, but when uncontrolled, it contributes to many chronic diseases. Developing effective anti-inflammatory drugs requires reliable preclinical evaluation, in which animal models play a vital role. This review covers key acute and chronic animal models used to assess anti-inflammatory activity, including carrageenan-induced paw edema for acute inflammation and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis for chronic inflammation. It discusses experimental protocols, biochemical and histological endpoints, pain assessments, and advances in imaging that improve translational relevance. Ethical considerations emphasizing the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) and regulatory guidelines are also addressed. While these models provide valuable insights, limitations like species differences highlight the need for complementary in vitro systems and emerging gene-edited models. By guiding researchers in model selection and optimization, this review supports the efficient discovery of anti-inflammatory therapeutics for clinical use.
Cite this article:
Tushar R. Chandan, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Kajal V. Pansare, Jubershaha S. Fakir, Sunil K. Mahajan. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Pre-Clinical Animal Models: A Review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2026; 16(4):437-6. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00064
Cite(Electronic):
Tushar R. Chandan, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Kajal V. Pansare, Jubershaha S. Fakir, Sunil K. Mahajan. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Pre-Clinical Animal Models: A Review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2026; 16(4):437-6. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00064 Available on: https://www.asianjpr.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-16-4-11
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