Author(s):
Rose Mary Joshy, Ragi Rajan, Binu Jose, Binu Upendran
Email(s):
jollyveliath74@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00037 
Address:
Rose Mary Joshy1, Ragi Rajan1, Binu Jose1, Binu Upendran2
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, St. Joseph’s College of Pharmacy, Cherthala, Alappuzha, 688524, Kerala, India.
2MD, DNB (MED), DM DNB, Head of Department Nephrology, Lourdes Hospital, Ernakulam, 682012, Kerala, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 3,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Background: Chronic kidney disease is characterised as a sustained and progressive loss of renal function, commonly progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where maintenance hemodialysis becomes a necessity. But hemodialysis can precipitate or exacerbate electrolyte imbalances. These disturbances particularly in phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, are linked to pruritus, mineral bone disorders, and increased cardiovascular risk. Objective: To evaluate the biochemical parameters (electrolyte imbalances) and clinical profile (Pruritus, CKD MBD) among CKD stage V patients on maintenance hemodialysis, and to assess the correlation between biochemical markers and clinical outcomes. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at Lourdes Hospital, Kerala, enrolling 91 adults with Chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Biochemical parameters (serum potassium, calcium, phosphorus and calcium–phosphorus product) were measured at baseline and at three months. Clinical assessments included pruritus – assessed using the 12-PSS and indicators of mineral bone disorder, muscle weakness. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS and correlation between variables estimated. Results: Electrolyte abnormalities were highly prevalent at baseline, with hyperphosphatemia (73.6%) and hyperkalemia (36.3%) most common. After three months of dialysis and individualized management, the overall proportion of patients with any electrolyte abnormality decreased but remained substantial to 61.5% and 17.6% respectively. Pruritus affected roughly one quarter of patients(24.2%) and showed a significant association with elevated serum phosphorus and higher calcium–phosphorus product. It was also observed that higher calcium phosphate product correlated with increased risk of developing CKD-MBD. Hypocalcaemia-related muscle cramps were also reported in 9.9%, indicating the neuromuscular effects of disrupted calcium balance. Conclusions: Electrolyte disturbances remain frequent in hemodialysis patients despite ongoing therapy, with hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia particularly prominent. Regular monitoring and tailored interventions are essential to reduce long-term complications.
Cite this article:
Rose Mary Joshy, Ragi Rajan, Binu Jose, Binu Upendran. A Study to Assess Electrolyte Imbalances and related Complication in Chronic Kidney Disease patients undergoing Hemodialysis. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2026; 16(3):251-6. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00037
Cite(Electronic):
Rose Mary Joshy, Ragi Rajan, Binu Jose, Binu Upendran. A Study to Assess Electrolyte Imbalances and related Complication in Chronic Kidney Disease patients undergoing Hemodialysis. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2026; 16(3):251-6. doi: 10.52711/2231-5691.2026.00037 Available on: https://www.asianjpr.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-16-3-5
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